Unit 2 重点语法

　　教学目标：掌握不定式几种重要用法

　　1. 动词不定式

　　动词不定式的基本结构为“to + 动词原形”(有时可不加to)。在句中除了不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可以充当，如：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。此处主要讲做宾语补足语和状语的用法。

　　( 1 ) 做宾语补足语。

　　动词不定式做宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。有to do和to be两种形式。

　　The doctor advised him to tae a good rest.

　　I find English to be very easy.

　　注意：

　　在as, tell, encourage, get, wish, want, would lie, find, advise, teach 等动词或短语之后，常接带to的不定式做宾语补足语。

　　We ased him to sing a pop song at the party.

　　我们请他在聚会上唱一首流行歌曲。

　　动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to在使役动词 ( have, mae, let )、感官动词 ( feel, hear, watch, see, notice等 ) 的后面时要省略。但它们变为被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。

　　The boss made the worers wor over ten hours a day in the past.

　　= The worers were made to wor over ten hours a day by the boss in the past.

　　动词help接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to 可省略也可不省略。

　　He often comes to help us ( to ) do some farm wor.

　　拓展

　　动词不定式在listen to, loo at后做宾语补足语时，常省略to。

　　I listened to him sing. 我听到他唱歌。

　　动词不定式在had better等词组后做宾语时，省略to。

　　You’d better go home at once.

　　( 2 ) 做状语

　　① 表目的：不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句中前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。

　　To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

　　We set out at five in the morning to get there on time.

　　② 表结果：不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。

　　I went to the classroom, to discover it empty.

　　2. 动词短语

　　动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而成的短语，如clean up, give out, cheer up, put off, set up, thin up, tae after, fi up, give away, put up, hand out等。

　　动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：

　　( 1 ) 动词 + 介词

　　这类动词短语主要有：agree with, as for, arrive at / in, begin with , come from, get to , get on, get off, hear of, noc at / on, laugh at, loo at, loo after, loo for, listen to, wait for, tae after等。

　　注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。

　　I am looing for my pen. I have been looing for it for two hours.

　　( 2 ) 动词 + 副词

　　这类动词短语主要有：find out, get bac, give out, loo up, put on, put up, put off, pass on, turn on / off, tae out, write down, wae up, wor out, put away, thin up 等。

　　注意：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后;宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词之前。

　　Please pic up the pen. = Please pic the pen up.

　　Can you pic it up?

　　( 3 ) 动词 + 名词 + 介词

　　这类动词短语有：have a loo at, mae friends with, pay attention to, tae care of, loo forward to等。

　　注意：在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。

　　You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.

　　( 4 ) 动词 + 形容词 + 介词

　　这类动词短语主要有：be angry with, be busy with, be good / bad for, be different from, be late for, be interested in, be famous for , be good at等。

　　Don’t be angry with him. He is only a child.